[Numpy] General Broadcasting Rules에 대하여 (작성중)

이번 글에서는 Broadcasting에 대해서 다뤄보도록 하겠습니다.

 

Reference

https://numpy.org/doc/stable/user/basics.broadcasting.html

Broadcasting — NumPy v1.21 Manual

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공식 문서에서는 broadcasting을 아래와 같이 정의하고 있습니다.

 

The term broadcasting describes how numpy treats arrays with different shapes during arithmetic operations. Subject to certain constraints, the smaller array is “broadcast” across the larger array so that they have compatible shapes. Broadcasting provides a means of vectorizing array operations so that looping occurs in C instead of Python. It does this without making needless copies of data and usually leads to efficient algorithm implementations. There are, however, cases where broadcasting is a bad idea because it leads to inefficient use of memory that slows computation.

 

관련된 예제 입니다.

 x = np.arange(4)
>>> xx = x.reshape(4,1)
>>> y = np.ones(5)
>>> z = np.ones((3,4))

>>> x.shape
(4,)

>>> y.shape
(5,)

>>> x + y
ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (4,) (5,)

>>> xx.shape
(4, 1)

>>> y.shape
(5,)

>>> (xx + y).shape
(4, 5)

>>> xx + y
array([[ 1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.],
       [ 2.,  2.,  2.,  2.,  2.],
       [ 3.,  3.,  3.,  3.,  3.],
       [ 4.,  4.,  4.,  4.,  4.]])

>>> x.shape
(4,)

>>> z.shape
(3, 4)

>>> (x + z).shape
(3, 4)

>>> x + z
array([[ 1.,  2.,  3.,  4.],
       [ 1.,  2.,  3.,  4.],
       [ 1.,  2.,  3.,  4.]])